Geography of the country
Tanzania has a varied geography, including deep and large
freshwater and salt lakes, many national parks, and Africa's
highest point, Mount Kilimanjaro
(5,895 m/19,341 ft).
Northeast Tanzania is
mountainous and includes Mount Meru, an active volcano, Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant volcano, and the Usambara and Pare mountain ranges. Kilimanjaro attracts thousands of
tourists each year.
West of those mountains is
the Gregory Rift, which is the eastern arm of the Great Rift Valley. On the floor of the rift are a number of
large salt lakes, including Natron in the north, Manyara in the south, and Eyasi in the southwest. The rift also encompasses the Crater Highlands, which includes the Ngorongoro Conservation Area
and the Ngorongoro Crater. Just to
the south of Lake Natron is Old Doinyo Lengai (2,980 m/9,777 ft), the world's
only active volcano to produce natrocarbonatite lava. To the west of the Crater Highlands
lies Serengeti National Park,
which is famous for its lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceroses, and buffalo plus the annual migration of millions of white bearded
wildebeest. Just to the southeast of the park is Olduvai Gorge, where many of the oldest hominid fossils and
artifacts have been found.
Further northwest is Lake Victoria on the Kenya–Uganda–Tanzania
border. This is the largest lake in Africa by surface area and is traditionally
named as the source of the Nile River. Southwest of this, separating
Tanzania from the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, is Lake Tanganyika. This lake
is estimated to be the second deepest lake in the world after Lake Baikal in Siberia. The western portion of the
country between Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, and Malawi consists of flat land
that has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as
part of the Central Zambezian Miombo
woodlands ecoregion. Just upstream from the Kalambo Falls, which is in Zambia,
there is one of the most important archaeological sites in Africa.
The centre of Tanzania is a large
plateau, which is part of the East African Plateau. The
southern half of this plateau is grassland within the Eastern Miombo woodlands
ecoregion, the majority of which is covered by the huge Selous National Park.
Further north the plateau is arable land and includes the national capital, Dodoma.
The eastern coast contains
Tanzania's largest city and former capital, Dar es Salaam. Just north of this city lies the Zanzibar Archipelago, a
semi-autonomous territory of Tanzania which is famous for its spices. The coast
is home to areas of East African mangroves, mangrove swamps that are an important habitat for wildlife on
land and in the water.
Administratively, Tanzania is
divided into 30 regions, with 25 on the
mainland, 3 on Zanzibar Island, and 2 on Pemba.
Climate
Tanzania has a tropical climate. In the highlands, temperatures range
between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F) during cold and hot seasons
respectively. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling
lower than 20 °C (68 °F).
The hottest period extends between November and February (25–31 °C /
77–87.8 °F) while the coldest period occurs between May and August
(15–20 °C / 59–68 °F).
Tanzania has two major rainfall regions. One is uni-modal (December -
April) and the other is bimodal (October -December and March - May). The
former is experienced in southern, south-west, central and western
parts of the country, and the latter is found to the north and northern
coast.
In the bimodal regime the March - May rains are referred to as the
long rains or Masika, whereas the October - December rains are generally
known as short rains or Vuli.
Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique.
Geographic coordinates: 6°00′S 35°00′E.
No comments:
Post a Comment